Document Type

Article

Abstract

Time-of-flight-energy elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF-E ERDA) is a uniquely powerful thin-film analytical technique because it can be used to measure simultaneously the depth distributions of all elements in a thin-film sample. The basic design of the time detectors which are generally based on the electron mirror has not changed significantly over 25 years or so. A classic electron optical study has been made to elucidate the factors that limit the time resolution of electron mirror time pick off detectors and how they are interrelated. Degradation of the time resolution is mainly associated with the electron divergence from an ideal straight trajectory and variations in the propagation of electromagnetic pulses over the anode surface. A set of equations that can be used to optimise time detector design are presented along with a new configuration that has an expected time resolution of 40 ps fwhm and overcomes most of the drawbacks of the conventional configuration.

Publication Date

2018

Comments

10 November 2017. Received in revised form 6 November 2018. Accepted 7 November 2018.

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